This first link will take you to a very short article titled: "The Women Who Pioneered Electronic Music".

https://blog.zzounds.com/2019/07/01/the-women-who-pioneered-electronic-music/?utm_source=WhatCountsEmail&utm_medium=zzounds_newsletterzZounds%20NWAY%5B2%5D%20Active&utm_campaign=C2450900%20070719%20zZounds%20Best%20of%20the%20Week&_wcsid=BDC223BAB069FA152B64F236AE790454BB54BB9037BCE7C6

This second link is to a 1-hour video which contains a couple of interviews of Electronic Music Pioneers. One of them is Walter Carlos. This was recorded before the above article, which interview the same person, this time going by the name "Walter" Carlos.
​
http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2019/08/09/a-vintage-look-at-the-moog-synthesizer-switched-on-bach-with-glenn-gould/

I'm sure there are LOTS of "free" and "pay" websites where you can learn what "Synthesizers" are and how to use them. The following two links are websites that I recently found.

This first web page allows you to learn about Synthesizers by interacting with some of their main components. Sure, this "interaction" is simply on a computer screen and not turning Knobs, flipping Switches or moving Sliders like you would in a typical "Hardware" Synth… and it's not the same as interacting with an on-screen "Soft Synth". However, the confusing aspects of Synthesizers is removed, allowing you to focus on the one, two or more parameters you're learning about.

If you're new to Synthesizers, going through these pages can help you gain an understanding of how they create and modify various sounds. Most of what you are changing on each page is explained. However, see if you actually "understand" the difference between a "Pitch" and a "Filter" change… a Low Frequency Oscillator (LFO) controlling a sound and an Envelope Generator controlling a sound, etc.

Don't take this too seriously, though. Synthesizers are a lot of fun to experiment with.

https://learningsynths.ableton.com

This next web page builds on "what Synthesizers can do" and shows how they can be used to modify sound created with other Instruments, such as Guitar, Violin and Saxophone. The three short videos on the following page provide examples of this.

http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2019/07/31/using-a-eurorack-modular-synthesizer-as-an-effects-processor/

I just wanted to pass along a few more resources which provide helpful information on "what" Synthesizers are and "how" the various components can be used.

Before I do that, I want to mention something I haven't heard anyone talk about… "Patch Cables" and, specifically, "how many" Patch Cables should you buy?

There is no mathematical formula to this question. However, the rule-of-thumb would be "more is better". My very loose guideline for "how many" to buy would be:

• 5-Cables for your first Module
• Then 2 Cables for each Module you purchase after that.

Again, this is not a locked-in-stone way of approaching this.

Yes, you can count the "Patch Points" (Cable-connection "holes" / "sockets") on each Module, and buy THAT MANY Cables, but that doesn't really work. In most cases, buying that many Cables would simply give you a LOT more Cables than your Synthesizer would ever be able to use. ​

• For example, Sylvia and I have the "A-143-2 Quad ADSR" by Doeper. It contains 24-Patch Points (jacks) — 8 "Input" Points and 16 "Output" Points. If you purchased 24-Patch Cables you'd have way more Cables than this Module can possibly use. (Remember, a "Patch Cable" contains 2-Jacks [connectors] — one on each end.) With 24-Patch Cables, you'd have 48-Jacks. If you only purchased "8" Cables, to cover the number of "Inputs", there may be times when you'd want 4 or more Cables to create a more complex Patch.
• Here's the link for more information about this Doepfer Module:
• www.modulargrid.net/e/doepfer-a-143-2

Right now, we have 61-Patch Cables… BUT, combined, our 3 Synthesizers (ARP 2600, Behringer Neutron and a partially completed Eurorack Synth) contain 280-Patch Points. So, of course, we still have "Patch Cables" on our "buy more Eurorack items" list.

• We've been buying the "LMNTL" brand Cables.
• Here's the link:
• www.perfectcircuit.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=lmntl%20cables
• (Sylvia and I aren't associated with "Perfect Circuit" or "LMNTL" in any way. I've only linked to the Perfect Circuit website because that's the only place we've been able to find these Cables.)

Patch Cable Length
In a previous Post, I included a link to a "helpful tips" video by Robin Vincent.
Here's that link:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7LFURMEs8Q

One of the things he learned, when performing Live with his Eurorack Synthesizer, is that he used short Cables whenever possible. The downside to this, he discovered, was that these Cables not only blocked the Modules they crossed (which they always do) but their tightness made it difficult for him to easily get his fingers through to the Knobs and Switches.

Instead, it may sometimes be a good idea to use longer Cables and have them droop down and away from most of the Modules you'll be using in that Patch.

Patch Cable Colors
When I took Synthesizer Lessons in the 70s, Patch Cables were only available in "gray". (That's all "I" saw, anyway.) Today, there are LOTS of colors to choose from and there are 2 types of Synthesists, regarding which colors to buy:

• Some people use only 1-color, because it looks good when you're Patching, or
• Use multiple colors because it's much easier to trace the signal-flow in your Patch.

This really comes down to "personal preference". For "us", even though Sylvia loves "Purple", we do our best to select as many different colors for each Patch as we can.

When using a single color for an entire Patch, it can be continually frustrating, when you have to keep following and re-finding where each Cable goes, just to tweak something "quickly".

• Our "partial" Eurorack Synthesizer currently contains 10-Modules. Even so, any Patch we create could easily use 10-to 20 or more Patch Cables… and if we connect that Patch to an external Synth, like our ARP 2600 or Behringer Neutron, we'll use several MORE Cables.

It's "sometimes" possible to use one color for "Modulation" (Envelopes, LFOs, etc.) and another color for "Audio". Let's say "Red" for Modulation and "Green" for Audio. However, there are 2 problems with this approach:

• Even with "2" colors of Patch Cables, it's still going to be VERY difficult to "quickly" locate the Module, and the "Knob" on that Module, that you'll need to turn in order to change the sound the way you want. (For example: Should you be changing an "LFO" or the "Envelope"?)
• Let's say you've connect a Red "Modulation" Cable from an LFO to a Multiple — so it can be split to more than 1 destination. You then connect another Red Cable to an Oscillator, in order to Modulate its Frequency — giving it a moving "wow" affect. Then you change your mind and decide to use another Oscillator's audio output to Modulate that 1st Oscillator — now giving it a distorted sound. Under your "Red-Green guidelines", you'll have to remove those Red Cables and replace them with Green ones, when you could have simply moved 1-end of 1-Cable to the Oscillator's audio output.

Synthesizer Resources
Here are a few articles and videos where you can find a lot of helpful information on understanding Synthesizers (in no particular order):

​This article is titled: "What are CV, Gate and Triggers, and how do they relate to semi-modular synthesis?"
www.musicradar.com/how-to/what-are-cv-gate-and-triggers-and-how-do-they-relate-to-semi-modular-synthesis

The following article is titled: "Synth Terminology And Basics for Beginners". It covers:

• Subtractive Synthesis
• The "Oscillator"
• Analog versus Digital versus Hybrids
• Filters and Cutoff
• Envelopes
• Modulation
• FM Synthesis

​Here's the link to that article:
ask.audio/articles/synth-terminology-and-basics-for-beginners

Here's the link to a Robin Vincent video titled: "Molten Modular 15 - Discovering oscillators with the Make Noise STO".
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUrtCf5i7ng

Here's another good video by Robin Vincent. This one's titled: "Molten Modular 24 - Discovering Envelopes featuring TINRS Edgecutter".
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KOP1HqNbtY

Here's Robin Vincent's main YouTube Channel:
www.youtube.com/user/MoltenMusicTech/videos

Modular Grid: The best place to go for "all things Eurorack related".
www.modulargrid.net/e/modules/browser?SearchName=&SearchVendor=&SearchFunction=&SearchSecondaryfunction=&SearchTe=&SearchTemethod=max&SearchBuildtype=&SearchLifecycle=&SearchSet=&SearchMarketplace=&SearchIsmodeled=0&SearchShowothers=0&SearchShow1u=0&order=newest&direction=asc

Of course there are LOTS of other sources of information online. Even with all the information and links I've provided here, there are still a few facets of Synthesizers which were not mentioned in the above articles and videos, such as:

• Granular Synthesis,
• Wavetables,
• Formants,
• Karplus Strong,
• Sequencers,
• Logic Modules, etc.

I simply listed them, in case you'd like to explore these subjects further on your own.

A couple months ago, the company Sylvia and I work for was throwing out some old Retail Display Cases. Some of them had Plexiglass (Acrylic) sides.
​

• Some were 3-foot by 4-foot. Others were 2-foot by 4-foot. All were 3/8-inch thick.

They were also throwing out some other Display Cases, which had thinner sheets of Plexiglass. Some of those pieces were "corners" (right-angles).

So we took home a few sheets and some smaller pieces.

We didn't know what we were going to use these materials for but we've always liked the clear, revealing state of Plexiglass.

After we got everything home, Sylvia mentioned that I've never like our current Synthesizer setup. Although it's a simple, "3-boards held up by some bricks" arrangement, we keep everything covered with a bedsheet, in order to keep the dust off of our music gear. So Sylvia suggested we build a clear, Synthesizer shelving unit.

It took about 5-weeks, a LOT of work and a handful of trips to our local Hardware Store, to buy some tools that we needed.

• ​Two of the things we purchased were "power tools" — a cordless drill and a cordless "multi-tool". A few decades ago, my Dad, who's been a Carpenter for most of his life, gave me an old Jigsaw. That was my 1st "power tool". I did try to cut this Plexiglass with it but its speed was WAY too fast and the Acrylic simply melted.

That was 1 of the 1st things we learned… Cutting Plexiglass too fast will melt it. We also learned that if you cut it while too much vibration is being created, by "hand tools" or "power tools", it will crack.

After spending about $230 for the following tools, our "free" Plexiglass turned out to be not so "free"… and that's not counting our Time and labor:

• Cordless drill
• Cordless multi-tool
• a set of standard drill bits
• a special, diamond drill bit for cutting the 1-inch holes into the back panel
• a set of special drill bits for cutting holes in Acrylic
• nail polish remover. Used to "chemically weld" pieces of Plexiglass together. (Actually, we used this on the "Drumstick Painting Box" we made out of a rotating Display Case. This stuff wasn't as good as it could have been. We should have bought the better product, which was "Acetone".)
• A special, thin-blade, "full contact with the cutting surface" saw. (I used this when the multi-tool's battery was charging… which was a lot.
• a Scoring Tool, used to "scratch" or "etch" the cutting-edge into the Plexiglass. Score the Acrylic at least halfway through and it will snap-off with a very clean edge. The problem for us was the thickness of these particular sheets.
• 2 "C" clamps. These were probably the best $10 we spent on this project. They came in handy for lots things… clamping 2-pieces together for cutting or drilling, etc.
• nuts and bolts for holding everything together.

While designing and building everything, I did remember the Saying:

• Measure twice. Cut once.

In my case, though, this didn't help a lot. My Dad still laughs at me (in a good way) for not being able to cut a straight line or hammer a nail properly.

So after everything was cut, drilled, filed (for large sharp edges), sanded (for smaller rough edges), we disassembled the old shelves from the top of my desk and disconnected the 60 or more cables.

• ​Most of our Synthesizers have 5 CABLES coming out of them!
• 1 is for electricity
• 2 are for "MIDI" ("MIDI Out" and "MIDI In") (MIDI sends and receives computer-music information between computers and music gear which have this feature.
• 2 are for "Audio" (1 for the left side of Stereo and the other for the right)

So, after the new shelving unit was assembled and ALL the cables reconnected… the shelving unit is about a quarter-inch off. The top of the back-right corner of the back panel is about a quarter-inch higher than the side it's connected to. (I just checked and the back of the side-piece is not touching the desk.)

We didn't discover this until everything was finished. Since it took over 6-hours to assemble everything, we're not about to take it all apart, just to fix a quarter-inch slant. (If you look carefully, you can see the curve in the center shelf, just under the black & green Synth that's sitting on a purple board.)
​

• My "guess" is that this entire shelving unit, with nothing on it, weighs about 50-pounds!

The top shelf has a large empty area on its left side. This is where our new Modular Synthesizer will be placed. (Sylvia and I went to our local Guitar Center last week and ordered the "case" for the Modules but it's on back-order.) The case we bought is the "Structure 270", made by "Pittsburgh Modular". Here's the link:
http://www.guitarcenter.com/Pittsburgh-Modular-Synthesizers/STRUCTURE-EP-270-ENCLOSURE.gc

These are the pieces of music gear we currently have in this new shelving unit:

• (top-center) Korg Volca FM
• (top-right) Roland Cube 30 (CM-30) amp
• (middle shelf, left) Arturia BeatStep Pro
• (middle shelf, right) Roland System-1m
• (bottom shelf, left) Samson "SM10": 10-channel, stereo mixer
• (bottom shelf, right) iConnectivity "MIO 10": 10-channel MIDI Router
• (sitting on my desk, "under" the shelving unit) Roland SH-201 Synthesizer

Anyway, for those of you interested in this, here are some photos of what Sylvia and I created and how we're using it: